牛奶补钙(牛奶补钙效果怎么样)

硒宝 03-31 18:16 49次浏览

如果只是为了补钙,喝牛奶不仅有用,而且是最高效的补钙方式之一。但补钙的首要目的是为了强壮骨骼,仅靠喝牛奶不能达成这个目标。

牛奶补钙(牛奶补钙效果怎么样)-硒宝网

缺钙喝牛奶有用,因为有很多随机对照实验证明,不管是喝牛奶还是吃钙片都能补钙。儿童摄入奶制品可以促进骨骼生长[1] ,成年人喝牛奶可以降低骨质流失速度、增加骨密度(Bone Mineral Density,简称BMD) [2] ,老年人喝牛奶补钙也能提高骨密度[3] 。在每个年龄组,除了喝牛奶外,摄入高钙食物、直接吃钙片之类的营养补充剂也被证明能补钙并增加骨密度[4-9] 。

牛奶补钙(牛奶补钙效果怎么样)-硒宝网

但是,上述研究只证明了喝牛奶吃钙片可以补钙并增加骨密度,没有证明吃奶制品或者摄入钙补充剂能增加骨骼强度、降低骨折风险。骨密度高不等于骨折风险低,骨密度只是强壮骨骼的一个必要条件。

羟基磷灰石晶体尺寸和异质性(hydroxyapatite crystal size and heterogeneity)、胶原蛋白特性(collagen properties)、骨细胞密度(osteocyte density)、骨小梁和皮质微结构(trabecular and cortical micro-architecture)以及整个骨骼的几何形状(whole bone geometry)也是骨骼强度的决定因素,而且每个因素都能单独影响骨折风险[10] 。

喝牛奶虽然能补钙,但不能降低骨折风险。尽管骨密度越低,骨折风险就越高,但骨密度高并不代表骨折风险就低。目前,临床诊断骨质疏松症(osteoporosis)仅基于骨密度(BMD)评分这项指标。

牛奶补钙(牛奶补钙效果怎么样)-硒宝网

世界上牛奶人均消费量最高的国家基本上都在欧洲[11,12] (在这个榜单上,意大利的年人均消费量是256.1公斤,仅排在第15位),但大多数国家的骨折率都比中国高[13] ,而中国的牛奶年人均消费量连15公斤都不到[14] 。虽然不能说牛奶喝多了容易骨折,但喝牛奶并没有强壮骨骼的作用,或者说作用不大,喝不喝牛奶、喝多少牛奶跟骨折与否没有任何关系[15] 。

牛奶补钙(牛奶补钙效果怎么样)-硒宝网

钙是一种人体必需的矿物质,是构建强壮骨骼与牙齿最重要的元素,除此之外,钙元素还在凝血、帮助肌肉收缩、维持正常心率和神经功能等方面发挥着重要作用。人体中的钙有99%储存在骨骼里,其余1%则分布在血液和肌肉等组织中[16] 。

牛奶补钙(牛奶补钙效果怎么样)-硒宝网

人们平时一说到补钙,联想到的第一件事情就是骨骼,但往往也会错误地以为喝牛奶就能强筋健骨。补钙其实很容易,不管是吃高钙食品,还是吃钙片(不一定安全[17,18] ),都能轻松地满足人体每日所需,但如何以安全高效的方式来补钙、增加骨骼强度从而降低骨折风险,才是我们更应该关注的问题,也值得单独讨论。

Effects of dairy products on bone and body composition in pubertal girlsThe effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal womenCalcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trialCalcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialEffect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in gambian children accustomed to a low-calcium dietDietary modification with dairy products for preventing vertebral bone loss in premenopausal women: a three-year prospective studyEvidence for an interaction between calcium intake and physical activity on changes in bone mineral densityLong-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone loss in elderly womenLow dose estrogen and calcium have an additive effect on bone resorption in older womenBone quality: the determinants of bone strength and fragilityCountries Who Drink the Most MilkMilk Consumption by Country 2022Geographic Variation in Osteoporotic Hip Fracture Incidence: The Growing Importance of Asian Influences in Coming Decades人均奶类消费量14。

4千克:2022年中国乳制品市场现状及重点企业深度分析-农小蜂Dairy product consumption and risk of hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysisAssociations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition studyEffect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis